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Cyrtandra cyaneoides

Rock (1913)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo], māpele [mapele]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Fleshy shrubs ca. 1–1.3 m tall.

Stems: Stems unbranched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Apparently opposite. Blades symmetrical, obovate to suborbicular, 40–55 cm long, 22–35 cm wide. Apex rounded. Base abruptly constricted or attenuate to petiole. Upper surfaces sparsely appressed pilose; lower surfaces sparsely short–pilose, moderately so when young; blades fleshy and coriaceous; upper surfaces rugose. Margins irregularly very coarsely serrate to erose. Upper surface veins impressed, lower surface with veins raised. Petioles winged 4.5–14 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers few in dense clusters of apparently compound cymes arising in the leaf axils, appressed shaggy brown villous throughout, peduncles absent or nearly so, pedicels ca. 5–10 mm long in fruit, bracts connate, ca. 45 mm long, partly concealing the flowers. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, zygomorphic, apparently fusiform in bud, in anthesis ca. 26–36 mm long, deciduous after anthesis, tube spathaceous or variously cleft into equal or unequal lobes, ca. 20 mm long, appressed shaggy brown villous, glabrous within, upper 3 lobes ca. 9 mm long, lower 2 lobes ca. 12 mm long, deciduous or persistent in fruit, all lobes separating by anthesis. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, usually fleshy, tube narrowly funnelform, curved near middle, ca. 25 mm long, glabrous, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, upper lobes probably broadly elliptic, ca. 7–8 mm long, lower lobes similar, the lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, glabrous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style ca. 2 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; ovoid; apparently shaggy villous at least when young; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds unknown.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Near streams and waterfalls.

Elevation Range: ca. 1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Coll. Hawaii Publ. Bull. 2: 39 (1913)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:752 (K); Lorence et al. 1995:37 (REDISCOVER/K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2282 Kauai BISH 1909-03-03
2 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2282 Kauai BISH 1909-03-03
3 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2282 Kauai BISH 1909-03-03
4 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
5 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
6 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
7 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details At base of falls and along stream banks, Metrosideros lowland wet riparian forest with Perrottetia, Touchardia, Diplazium sandwichianum, Boehmeria grandis, Psychotria, Cibotium, Machaerina angustifolia, Bidens, Sadleria Preserved_Specimen Plants 6-14 ft gt with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 13210 Kauai BISH 1993-01-09
8 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Elfin cloud forest dominated by Metrosideros spp., Pelea, and Labordia, interspersed with open bog areas severely damaged by pigs and dominated by Juncus planifolius. Preserved_Specimen Shrub of four ft. Leaves bullate, dark, dul green above, below whitish-green with obvious brownish-green veination. Flowers and fruit white. Only four plants seen. Flynn, T.W. 3046 Kauai BISH 1988-07-18
9 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Collected in wet gully on west flank of plateau. Preserved_Specimen Plants erect to 4 m tall in open, more branched in shady pockets. Collected fruits for NTBG propagation. Hobdy, R.W. 3330 Kauai BISH 1991-06-18
10 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros montane wet mixed community with sedges, grasses, and bryophytes. Epiphytes are common in shrub layer. Associated plants: Cheirodendron, Eurya, Cyrtandra, Dubautia, Coprosma, Melicope, Hedyotis, Plantago, Peperomia, Pipturus, Psychotria, Bidens, Cyanea, Anoectochilus, and numerous pteridophytes. Preserved_Specimen 2.75 m tall fleshy shrub; leaves dark green on top, lighter below, glabrous, 32 cm wide, 45 cm long; flowers axillary, corolla white; calyx whitish-yellow; immature fruit green. Wood, K.R. 171 Kauai BISH 1988-09-09
11 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest and deeply carved drainage with riparian vegetation w/ Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Coprosma kauaiensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dubautia raillardioides, D. laxa, Meliope wawrana, M. clusiifolia, Myrsine w Preserved_Specimen tree, 3 m tall, with flower, in gulch, single tree, with Gunnera, mapped Wood, K.R. 15985 Kauai BISH 2014-07-02
12 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Gulches to south of Platanthera Bog and Charlies Bog. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest dissected by riparian habitat w/ banks of matting ferns, Dicranopteris, Diploterygium, Sticherus w/ Broussaisia, Psychotria hexandra, Cyrtandra kauaiensis, Dubautia paleata, Coprosma kauensis, Myrsine spp., Leptecophylla, Vaccinium spp., Labordia, Smilax, Nertera, Peperomia hesperomannii, Cyanea hi Preserved_Specimen Tree, up to 3 m tall, with flower and immature fruit, 7 trees in immediate area with Touchardia latifolia, Gunnera kauaiensis, Coprosma kauaiensis, and Pipturus albidus, mapped. Wood, K.R. 16135 Kauai BISH 2014-11-07
13 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mesic forest, With Perrottetia sandwicensis, Ilex anomala, Diplazium sandwichianum, Poa sandwicensis, Dubautia laevigata, Bidens cosmoides, Dodonaea vioscosa, Freycinetia arborea, Cyrtandra cyaneoides, Platydesma Preserved_Specimen Plant 6 ft ht with flowers Perlman, S. 24005 Kauai BISH 2014-06-25
14 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha wet cliff Machaerina angustifolia, Kadua elatior, Kadua centrathoides, Erigeron karvinskianus, Cyathea cooperi. Preserved_Specimen Few patches of plants in stream 2 meter ht with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 23583 Kauai BISH 2013-06-27
15 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland wet forest w/ saturated stream walls; Cyrtandra limahuliensis, C. oenobarba, C. cyaneoides, C. pickeringii, Bidens spp., Cyanea spp., Hedyotis spp., pteridophytes are abundant. Preserved_Specimen Up to 4 m tall, unbranched fleshy shrub; likes talus areas where stream water runs through; abundant in area (ca.300). Wood, K.R. 2243 Kauai BISH 1993-01-09
16 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros montane wet mixed community with sedges, grasses, and bryophytes. Epiphytes are common in shrub layer. Associated plants: Cheirodendron, Eurya, Cyrtandra, Dubautia, Coprosma, Melicope, Hedyotis, Plantago, Peperomia, Pipturus, Psychotria, Bidens, Cyanea, Anoectochilus, and numerous pteridophytes. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 919 Kauai BISH 1991-06-18
17 Cyrtandra cyaneoides Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Koaie, headwater gulches and stream, well above Koaie river, northwest of Mohihi- Waialae trail Metrosideros transitional mesic to wet forest and riparian vegetation Cheirodendron, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Kadua affinis, Ilex anomala, Syzygium sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Coprosma waimeae, Cyrtandra kauaiensis, Melicope clusiifolia, Labordia degeneri, Cyanea f Preserved_Specimen tree, 1.5 m tall, with early fruit, ca. 10 plants in narrow moist gulch, mapped Wood, K.R. 1167 Kauai BISH 2013-02-07
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